{"product_id":"immunisation-knowledge-toolkit-he-kete-matauranga-mo-nga-rongoa-araimate-nip9053-r","title":"Immunisation knowledge toolkit - He kete mātauranga mo ngā rongoā āraimate - NIP9053-R","description":"\u003ch2\u003eSupporting conversations around immunisation\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIntroduction\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003ePurpose\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis immunisation conversation toolkit is to support kaimahi and community leaders as you hold conversations about immunisation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eHow different types of immunisations work\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDiseases can be caused by viruses and bacteria. These are so small that you cannot see them, but they are everywhere. Most are harmless, but some can make you very sick.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInside your body, your immune system helps fight against diseases caused by viruses and bacteria. Sometimes, your immune system needs a little help. Immunisations give your immune system instructions on how to defend itself better so your body will have the right tools for the job, meaning you are less likely to get sick when you come into contact with a disease.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eImmunisations benefit the individual and the whole population\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhen most people in a community are immunised, it becomes harder for diseases to spread. This protects those who can’t be immunised (like very young infants or people with certain medical conditions) and helps keep everyone safer.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eThe immunisation process (post-assessment time)\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBefore immunisation, there’s an assessment to ensure it’s safe. After immunisation, there’s a short waiting period (usually around 20 minutes) to monitor for any immediate responses. This helps ensure everyone’s safety and allows the health provider to address any concerns on the spot.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eHow immunisations are made and tested\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBefore any immunisation is approved for use, it goes through a long and rigorous testing process by scientists around the world and in Aotearoa New Zealand to ensure its safety and effectiveness.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis process can take many years and compares the health of people who have been immunised with those who have not.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOnce approved, the safety of the immunisation is also continuously monitored by Medsafe. As part of this process, the Centre for Adverse Reactions Monitoring at Otago University records responses reported after immunisations so that scientists can keep track of any responses that may occur.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eEngage for success\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eTips for engaging \/ ice breakers\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStart conversations with a friendly approach and ask open-ended questions to understand people’s views on immunisation. Building trust and showing empathy can help make these discussions more comfortable. Each person you engage with will be different, so listen actively to avoid asking questions that could result in a one-word answer.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAn open-ended question: How can I help you get an appointment?\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA close-ended question: Do you have an appointment?\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA close-ended question gives the person the chance to “close” the conversation with a one-word answer. An open-ended question can move a conversation along by giving the person a chance to elaborate.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eTips for navigating difficult conversations with whānau who decline or are hesitant to immunise\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eListen actively and acknowledge their concerns without judgment. Provide clear, fact-based information and let them know you’re there to support their health decisions. Use positive, affirming framing and make the connection to the wider whānau and community wellbeing. If you’re unsure about any specific facts, let them know you can connect them with someone who can answer their questions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eCultural safety\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCultural safety involves self-reflection, and understanding how your own background can impact your conversations when speaking with whānau about immunisation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBefore and after each interaction, reflect on your own beliefs and biases by asking yourself a few questions:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHow often do I engage in \u003cstrong\u003eself-reflection\u003c\/strong\u003e to examine my own cultural biases and assumptions?\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThink about a specific situation where your \u003cstrong\u003eawareness of your own beliefs\u003c\/strong\u003e changed your approach to a conversation. What did you learn and how did it impact the interaction with the whānau?\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHow do you respond to whānau \u003cstrong\u003efeedback\u003c\/strong\u003e relating to cultural safety?\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThink about a time when you received feedback from whānau. What did you \u003cstrong\u003elearn\u003c\/strong\u003e and how will this inform your future practice?\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eManaging misinformation\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eWhere does misinformation come from?\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMisinformation about immunisations often spreads through social media or word-of-mouth and can come from misunderstandings, fear, or a lack of reliable information.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSome whānau may have had a distrust in immunisations for generations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKnowing the source of information can help people find trustworthy information.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eWhy we should listen to the science\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eScience-based information is thoroughly tested and verified by experts in health and medicine. Listening to science helps protect our health and make informed decisions based on facts.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAvoid repeating and focussing on the myth, as repetition reinforces misinformation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eMyths\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImmunisations cause autism\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eMisinformation\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSome believe immunisations, particularly the Measles, Mumps and Rubella (MMR) immunisation, cause autism. This claim originated from an unethical and false study in 1998, which has since been retracted.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHow we can inform\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eAcknowledge the concern\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e“I know many people are worried about this. It’s important to discuss.”\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eOffer facts\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePoint out that no credible scientific research links immunisation to autism. Numerous large-scale studies over many years have found no connection between MMR immunisation and autism. Children are born with autism (it is not a disease), and have a difference in development which may be recognised by their first birthday. Usually, developmental differences become clearer when they are one to three years old.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eReassure\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e“Immunisations are designed to protect, and the safety of children is always the priority.”\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eMyths\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNatural immunity is better than immunisation\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eMisinformation\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSome whānau believe that letting their children contract diseases naturally will lead to stronger immunity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHow we can inform\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eExplain the risks\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e“Relying on natural immunity comes with serious risks, including complications from diseases, like pneumonia, encephalitis (swelling of the brain), or even death.”\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eEmphasise immunisation benefits\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e“Immunisations offer protection without the dangers of the actual disease, making them the safer option.”\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e“We sometimes say a baby’s first immunity comes from breastmilk, but it can start in pregnancy with immunisation. Getting immunised during pregnancy can be a baby‘s first line of defence against certain illnesses.”\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003ePersonal example\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eShare stories about serious cases of preventable diseases to illustrate the potential harm.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eMyths\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImmunisations contain harmful ingredients (mercury, aluminium)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eMisinformation\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThere are fears about certain ingredients, such as mercury (thimerosal) and aluminium, being toxic or harmful.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHow we can inform\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eExplain the science\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e“These ingredients are used in tiny amounts and have been thoroughly tested to ensure they are safe.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThimerosal, while safe and effective, is not in any routine scheduled childhood vaccines in New Zealand.”\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eUse comparisons\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e“The amount of aluminium is less than what’s found in breast milk or formula.”\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eReassure safety\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e“Immunisations are continuously monitored for safety by independent health organisations.”\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eMyths\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImmunisations overload the immune system\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eMisinformation\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSome whānau worry that giving multiple immunisations at once could overwhelm their baby’s immune system, leading to health problems.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHow we can inform\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eNormalise the body’s capacity\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e“Immunisations contain antigens. These are either small parts of bacteria or viruses, or weak versions of viruses that teach your immune system what these look like so that when your body encounters the real version, it recognises it and fights it immediately.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEveryone encounters thousands of antigens every day in food, breastmilk, and the environment. Even babies’ immune systems have no problem dealing with several immunisations on the same day.”\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eAddress safety\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e“Research shows that it’s safe to give multiple immunisations at once, and it helps protect your baby as early as possible.”\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eOffer reassurance\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e“Immunisations work with the immune system to be effective without overloading it, and doses are spaced out to provide the best immune protection.”\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eMyths\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImmunisations are only for profit\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eMisinformation\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSome believe that pharmaceutical companies push immunisations solely for profit, disregarding their necessity or safety\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHow we can inform\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eAcknowledge concerns\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e“It’s understandable to question where information comes from.”\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eHighlight trustworthy sources\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e“I’ll share with you a link about immunisations that I rely on. Unlike many places online, the Health New Zealand website has strict rules to include things like evidence and who wrote it.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIf quality information helps us make quality choices, then parents need to be able to trust what they’re reading.”\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eFocus on community impact\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e“Immunisations are really important to protect individuals and their communities. People who are vulnerable because of illness like cancer treatment, or who cannot be immunised, need the rest of the community to be immunised to protect them.”\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eMyth\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImmunisations aren’t necessary because diseases are no longer common\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eReality\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDiseases like measles, polio and diphtheria have become rare largely because of immunisations. Having a well-immunised community is essential to maintaining the protection we currently have against these diseases.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eMyth\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe flu immunisation can cause the flu\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eReality\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSome people may feel mild, flu-like symptoms as their immune system responds to getting immunised. This is normal and responses are mild and not everyone will get them. Many people get a flu-like illness and colds, especially over winter, but there are lots of other viruses which cause these other than the flu.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eMyth\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImmunisations can cause infertility\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eReality\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThere is no scientific evidence linking immunisations to infertility. Immunisations undergo extensive safety testing to ensure they don’t impact reproductive health.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eMyth\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImmunisation responses are worse than the disease\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eReality\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLike most medicines, immunisations can sometimes cause responses. These are usually mild, and not everyone will get them. Mild responses are normal. If you are going to have any responses, they normally happen in the first few days after getting immunised. The immunisation itself is gone from your body within a few hours or days.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eMyth\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImmunisation doesn’t work because immunised people still get sick\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eReality\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImmunisation does not necessarily stop you from getting the disease. However, it is very effective at reducing the severity of the disease and reducing your likelihood of passing the disease on to others. High immunisation rates also protect the community by reducing the spread of illness.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHow to counter misinformation overall\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eListen first, correct later\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAvoid jumping straight into correcting the misinformation. Listen carefully to understand the whānau concerns, allowing them to feel heard before presenting information.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse ‘Check-Ask Explain-Ask’ model\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch4 style=\"padding-left: 80px;\"\u003eCheck\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"padding-left: 80px;\"\u003eSo can I check I’ve understood your concern, you are concerned about \u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"\u003e               \u003c\/span\u003e because you heard \u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"\u003e               \u003c\/span\u003e .\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"padding-left: 80px;\"\u003eI can understand you might be concerned because you are worried about \u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"\u003e               \u003c\/span\u003e .\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4 style=\"padding-left: 80px;\"\u003eAsk\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"padding-left: 80px;\"\u003eCan you tell me what you’ve heard about this?\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4 style=\"padding-left: 80px;\"\u003eExplain\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"padding-left: 80px;\"\u003eProvide clear, evidence-based responses.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4 style=\"padding-left: 80px;\"\u003eAsk\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"padding-left: 80px;\"\u003eHow do you feel about what we’ve discussed?\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAcknowledge circumstances\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSome people would have declined immunisation for themselves or their whānau because of circumstances (for example, there were no appointments available when they were free, they weren’t able to borrow a car or confirm transportation, etc.).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eListen to understand what the circumstances were and find out whether you could help remove any barriers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePresent facts calmly\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStay neutral and avoid being confrontational. Correct the misinformation with simple, easy to-understand facts and examples that show real-world benefits of immunisation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePersonal stories matter\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eShare personal or community stories where immunisations have made a positive impact. This helps make the information relatable and grounded in real experiences.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExplain what the implications are\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExplain to parents what the implications are to the entire whānau when a baby is not immunised. Beyond having a very sick baby, parents would need to take time off work, other members of the whānau may get sick, and the baby may need to be hospitalised.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBuild trust over time\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDon’t expect immediate change. Misinformation is often deeply embedded. Offer ongoing support and encourage follow-up conversations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDirect whānau to trusted resources\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePoint whānau to credible sources like the New Zealand Ministry of Health, Info.health, Immunisation Advisory Centre (IMAC), or WHO for further reading\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFollow up\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLeave the door open for whānau if they’re unable to get immunised this time. Tell them you’ll call them back. Don’t refer them on to a GP or another service they have to access, unless they have concerns that only a GP can address. Let them know that this is important to us.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMore useful resources for countering misinformation:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/immune.org.nz\/resources\/factsheets\"\u003eFactsheets - Immunisation Advisory Centre\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/immune.org.nz\/resources\/factsheets?type=Common+questions\"\u003eFactsheets - Immunisation Advisory Centre\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/immune.org.nz\/vaccines\/safety-monitoring\"\u003eSafety monitoring - Immunisation Advisory Centre\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eExample summary\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eMisinformation\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImmunisation can cause autism. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eStrategy\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResearch shows no link between immunisations and autism. Let’s talk through your concerns.  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eMisinformation\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNatural immunity is better. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eStrategy\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNatural immunity comes with serious risks. Immunisations offer protection without those dangers.  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eMisinformation\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImmunisations contain harmful ingredients. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eStrategy\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIngredients like aluminium are present in tiny amounts and are safe. They’ve been thoroughly tested.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eMisinformation\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImmunisations overload the immune system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eStrategy\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBabies’ immune systems encounter more antigens every day than what’s in immunisations. They’re designed to work together safely.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eMisinformation\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImmunisations are for profit. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eStrategy\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIndependent health experts recommend immunisation to protect individuals and communities, not for profit.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eMisinformation\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImmunisations and mandates are a way for the government to limit our freedom. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eStrategy\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eI acknowledge that you feel this way. There are non-government health providers who can talk to you about this. If you want, I can connect you with a local nurse who can give you more information.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eStrategies by response type\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eHe ara matapaki i te rongoā āraimate\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eReady to immunise\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eImmunisation discussion guide\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhānau who are ready to immunise\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn Aotearoa New Zealand many whānau have questions about immunisation. Engaging in kōrero with whānau can help address concerns early and prevent anxiety or confusion. When whānau feel listened to and understood, they’re more likely to trust the person.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhānau who come in ready to immunise often have some questions about the process or what to expect. These might include:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWhat will happen during and after the immunisation?\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHow can we manage any responses?\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWhat are the immunisations for, and are they safe for my pēpi\/tamariki?\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSupporting whānau who are ready to immunise\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhen whānau are ready to immunise, your kōrero may be straightforward. For informed consent, whānau need:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTo understand what immunisation involves.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTo know the benefits and risks that are important to them.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhānau don’t need every detail; instead, focus on what matters to them.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAsk:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e“What would you like to know more about?”\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eNgā Whāinga (Goals)\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTo prevent vaccine hesitancy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTo support timely immunisation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eKōrero tips\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis approach invites parents to share any worries or questions they may have.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHow do you feel about this?\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEncourage pātai (questions)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEncouraging whānau to ask pātai can help you understand their concerns. A useful way to open the discussion is by asking:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDo you have some questions you’d like to ask before we start? \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eShare knowledge\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAfter answering questions, share important information in a reassuring way. Use phrases: Your pēpi might feel mildly unwell after immunisation, but most babies don’t have any responses.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e’ll give you some tips on how to help if they do.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhat questions do you have today?\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNurture relationships\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIf there’s an opportunity to connect whānau with Māori or Pacific health organisations (Hauora providers, marae-based services and Hauora Māori partners, Pacific Health Providers), do so!\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHealth services have arranged for an immunisation nurse to be here every Tuesday for a free drop-in clinic, so ask me any questions you may have. And if you’re free on Tuesday, I’ll help arrange an appointment.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePlan the next immunisation appointment\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBooking the next immunisation appointment while you’re with the whānau helps ensure their pēpi gets full protection on time. You might say:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLet’s book the next appointment before you leave today to get your pēpi fully immunised. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eFurther important notes\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProvide space: Some whānau need encouragement to ask questions. Using open-ended questions like “What would you like to talk about?” can reduce anxiety.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKeep the kōrero positive: Focus on the benefits of immunisation and how it protects both pēpi and whānau.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMake it easy: Create an easy situation for the whānau by offering help where possible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor more information \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/immunise.health.nz\/\"\u003eHealth New Zealand | Te Whatu Ora\u003c\/a\u003e  | Call Healthline \u003ca rel=\"noopener\" title=\"0800 611 116\" href=\"Tel:0800611116\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e0800 611 116\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eRole play\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eScenario\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYou are speaking with whānau who want to immunise their eight-week-old baby but haven’t got around to making the appointment yet due to a busy schedule. They just need a little encouragement to prioritise it.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eStrategy tips\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEncouragement: Congratulate the whānau on their intention to immunise and acknowledge their efforts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOffer practical help: Understand what the circumstances are for each whānau. Help them overcome logistical barriers, like scheduling the appointment or sending reminders.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReinforce importance: Gently remind them why timely immunisation is important, without adding pressure.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFrame things positively: When speaking with whānau about the immunisation schedule, avoid using words like “overdue,” “late” or “behind”, which have negative connotations. Frame the conversation positively and let the whānau know that this will benefit them and their community. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eExample dialogue (for facilitator to relay after role play):\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eParent\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003eI know I need to get the baby immunised, but we’ve just been so busy with everything. I haven’t managed to book the appointment yet. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHealth Promoter\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003eI completely understand how busy life gets with a new baby! It’s great that you’re planning to immunise the baby. Would you like me to help schedule an appointment right now?\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eParent\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003eThat would actually be really helpful. I keep meaning to do it.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHealth Promoter\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003ePerfect. It’s important so your baby gets protection as early as possible. Let’s book the appointment and get everything sorted.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eParent\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003eYeah, I don’t want to wait too long.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHealth Promoter\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003eYou’re doing a great job staying on top of it. I can also send you a reminder closer to the appointment if you’d like. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eStrategies by response type\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eHe ara matapaki i te rongoā āraimate\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHesitant or uncertain\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eImmunisation discussion guide\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eUnderstanding the concerns of whānau\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhānau who are hesitant may:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBe motivated by influential members within the whānau (for example, parents or grandparents) to not immunise.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHave pātai (questions) or concerns about safety.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWant to be part of the decision-making process.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePrefer their child to be treated individually, rather than based on population-level recommendations.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHave lost trust in health professionals.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHave heard or read something frightening.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFeel a strong responsibility to make the ‘right’ decision for their tamariki (children).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eNgā Whāinga (Goals)\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTo guide whānau toward immunisations\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTo increase confidence in immunisation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eKōrero tips\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHow to support whānau (1 to 7)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRecommending immunisation confidently (8)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRebooking or referring (9 to 10)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePlan and close (11 to 12)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInvite questions \n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAsk: Do you have some more questions?\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsider the views of their partner if relevant.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAcknowledge concerns \n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eYou don’t have to agree, but you can acknowledge the effort of the whānau. Use phrases like: I can see you've put a lot of thought into this.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBe open about what you don’t know \n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIf there are questions about specific scientific or medical details that you are unsure about, tell the whānau openly that you do not have the answer to that question, but you can find out for them.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSummarise their concerns\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReflect what you’ve heard.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eYou can show empathy without judgement.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\"You have explained that you are concerned because you worry your baby is too young to be immunised so you think it’s better to wait. I can understand that you are trying to do what is best for your baby.\"\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOffer to share what you know\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCan I share what I know? The immunisations your baby is due for are safe and effective and really important to protect them now from serious diseases that affect young babies. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSet and maintain the agenda\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eManage the whānau questions:\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLet’s list all your pātai (questions) and go through them one by one.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eManage the timeframe\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWe have about ten minutes left. Let’s address your main concerns, and then I’ll explain why immunisation is important.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExplain with confidence You can also share personal experiences to build trust:\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eI believe immunising today is the best way to protect your tamaiti (child) from serious diseases.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eI’ve had my own tamariki (children) immunised.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEncourage rebooking\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWe’ve had a good kōrero (discussion) today. Shall we book another appointment to cover more details?\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRefer to a healthcare professional (for example, doctor\/nurse\/pharmacist\/midwife)\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eYour healthcare provider can help answer some of your deeper concerns or questions about immunisations.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSummarise the consultation by putting forward the next steps\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eI recommend we do all of the immunisations due today to keep your child safe from serious diseases.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEnsure the next appointment is scheduled\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLet’s make sure we have an appointment for the next dose for your tamaiti (child) before you leave.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eRole play\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eScenario\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYou are speaking with whānau who are hesitant about getting their six-week-old baby immunised. They’ve heard some negative things about immunisations and are unsure if it’s the right choice. They have not yet ruled out immunisation but are asking lots of questions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eStrategy tips\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEmpathy first: Acknowledge whānau concerns without rushing into correcting them.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCheck-Ask-Explain-Ask: Use open-ended questions to invite concerns, then explain facts in a calm and clear way, followed by another question to keep the dialogue open.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOffer evidence: Share clear, evidence-based information, but avoid overwhelming them with too many facts at once.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExample dialogue (for facilitator to relay after role play):\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCaregiver\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eI’ve heard that some babies can have bad responses to immunisation. I’m worried about what might happen. How do I know it’s safe? \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLead maternity carer\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eI understand your concern. It’s great that you’re thinking carefully about baby’s health. Can I share some information on how we know immunisations are safe?\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCaregiver\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSure, but I’ve also read about how immunisations have preservatives. That’s what worries me.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLead maternity carer\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMany whānau have similar questions. The preservatives are there to keep them safe, and they are used in tiny amounts. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCaregiver\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThat might help. I just want to make sure I’m doing the right thing.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLead maternity carer\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt’s good to ask these questions, and it’s important to feel comfortable with your decision. Would it be helpful if I showed you how I made the decision to immunise my own child? \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eStrategies by response type\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eHe ara matapaki i te rongoā āraimate \u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eWhānau who are declining immunisation\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eImmunisation discussion guide\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eUnderstanding whānau who are declining immunisations\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhānau who are declining immunisations may:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHave never been immunised or have stopped being immunised altogether\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNot want to discuss immunisation at all\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePresent for other reasons, such as requesting a medical exemption or dealing with another medical concern\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDistrust ‘big pharma’, the government or conventional medicine\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBe experiencing pressure, both positive or negative, from whānau, friends or community\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePrefer rongoā Māori (traditional Māori medicine) or other complementary and alternative medicines\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHave had a bad experience, such as an AEFI (Adverse Event Following Immunisation) or traumatic birth\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFeel strongly about getting the “right” information and feel responsible for making the correct decision.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIf whānau have declined because of a specific circumstance (such as there were no appointment dates available, getting immunised required travelling very far, leave from work was not approved), continue to offer when each immunisation event is due, as the whānau situation may have changed and they are open to receiving immunisation. Keep the door open and build a trusting relationship.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eNgā Whāinga (Goals)\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMaintain trust\u003c\/strong\u003e and keep whānau engaged with health services. Try to keep engaging positively so that the person is happy with how the conversation went.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKeep consultations \u003cstrong\u003ebrief and focused.\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eKōrero tips\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConsultations with whānau declining immunisations (1 to 2)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMaintaining the conversation (3 to 4)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOffering to share information (5 to 6)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePlan and close (7 to 9)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePermission to discuss\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConfirm whether the whānau has chosen not to immunise, or if they’re undecided and just haven’t got around to it.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCan you tell me why you’ve decided not to immunise George?\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eElicit the reasons\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse open-ended questions to gather as much information as possible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCan you tell me what led you to your decision?\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIs there something that might make you reconsider immunising in the future? \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eResist the ‘Righting Reflex’\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCorrecting misinformation before whānau express their concerns can close down the conversation. Instead, listen first.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCan you tell me more about that?\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAcknowledge the efforts of the whānau\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eYou don’t need to agree, but acknowledging their effort helps build trust. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eI can see you’ve put a lot of thought into this. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePresent your suggestions\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEven if the whānau isn’t ready to immunise, making your position clear is important. Present options tailored to their concerns.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInfectious diseases can be mild, but I have also seen tamariki (children) become very ill. Can I tell you about those experiences?\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExplore motivations to reconsider\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWould you consider immunisation if there was an outbreak* in our community?\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e* Make sure you have the correct information about current outbreaks in Aotearoa, if the conversation goes there.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThank them for their time and perspective\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThank you for telling me about your concerns.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDo you have any feedback on how we can improve?\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOffer to revisit the discussion\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAssure whānau that they can revisit the conversation to help maintain engagement.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWould you like to come back in two weeks to discuss this again?\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAfter the conversation, send over a link for more information or leave your number.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRefer to local doctor\/nurse\/pharmacist\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eI can refer you to a local doctor that specialises in immunisation. They may help answer your questions. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eRole play\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eScenario\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYou are speaking with whānau who have decided not to immunise their three-month-old grandchild, for whom they are the main caregiver. They believe immunisations are unnecessary because they prefer natural health solutions and don’t trust the pharmaceutical industry.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eStrategy tips\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRespect the decision: Avoid trying to “convince” them right away. Respect their choice while leaving the door open for future conversations.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAvoid debate: Debating their beliefs can backfire. Instead, offer to share information if and when they’re ready.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaintain engagement: Encourage ongoing contact and let them know you’ll be available if they change their mind. Show your understanding of their perspective while sharing good information. Example dialogue (for facilitator to relay after role play):\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eExample dialogue (for facilitator to relay after role play)\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eGrandparent\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe’ve decided not to immunise our baby. We believe natural immunity is better, and I just don’t trust the pharmaceutical companies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eLead maternity carer\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eI can hear that you’ve thought a lot about this, and I respect your decision. Would you be open to talking more about how immunisation works, and what they’re designed to do?\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eGrandparent\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eI’m not sure it would make much difference. I’ve done my research.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eLead maternity carer\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eI understand you’ve put a lot of effort into researching this. Sometimes it helps to hear about the risks of some of the diseases we immunise against. Would you like to talk about that, or would it help to revisit this conversation in the future?\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eGrandparent\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMaybe, but I’m not planning to immunise anytime soon.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eLead maternity carer\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThat’s okay. If you ever want to discuss anything you’ve read further or have questions, I’m happy to talk.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eThe National Immunisation Schedule\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn Aotearoa New Zealand we have a \u003ca rel=\"noopener\" title=\"National Immunisation Schedule\" href=\"https:\/\/www.healthnz.govt.nz\/health-topics\/immunisations\/national-immunisation-schedule\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNational Immunisation Schedule\u003c\/a\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.healthnz.govt.nz\/health-topics\/immunisations\/national-immunisation-schedule\"\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e This sets out the free immunisations offered to all pēpi, tamariki, teenagers and eligible adults at certain times in their life.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFollowing this schedule helps ensure protection when it’s most needed and maximises the effectiveness of the immunisation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhy we have different immunisations at different times\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe schedule is deliberately spaced to boost a child’s immunity. For the best protection against disease, children should be immunised at the recommended times. Not getting immunised on time puts children at greater risk of getting a serious disease.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhy you need extra doses\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo be fully protected, people usually need more than one dose of an immunisation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhen first immunised, the body learns what to do if it meets a particular virus or bacteria. The second (and sometimes third or fourth) dose boosts the immune system to have stronger, and longer-lasting, protection.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDifferent immunisations protect for different lengths of time, which is why boosters are needed to strengthen immunity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSome immunisations protect against more than one disease\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSome immunisations provide protection against more than one disease. For example, the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine protects against three diseases. This means fewer appointments and fewer injections.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt is not always possible to have a different vaccine if you want protection against only one of the diseases. The immune system is used to dealing with thousands of viruses and bacteria every day – there are no safety concerns with having multiple immunisations at the same time.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eCatching up on immunisations\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIf a scheduled immunisation has been missed, people can catch up.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAlthough getting immunised on time is recommended for the best protection, it is easy to catch up.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCatch-up immunisations are free for all children under 18 years old. Lots of catch-up adult immunisations are also free.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTip:\u003c\/strong\u003e When speaking with whānau about the immunisation schedule, avoid using words like “overdue,” “late” or “behind”, which have negative connotations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFrame the conversation positively and let whānau know this will benefit them and their community as they do their bit to keep everyone safe.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eKey milestones and rationale for timings and follow-ups\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCertain ages are critical for immunisation because of the body’s development or higher risk periods for getting the disease. Regular follow-ups or boosters may be needed to maintain strong immunity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHow to check if an immunisation has been missed\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo find out if there are immunisations to catch up on, people can:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCheck \u003cstrong\u003eMy Health Record\u003c\/strong\u003e online (for anyone aged 16 and over who has used health or disability services in Aotearoa)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCheck their \u003cstrong\u003eWell Child Tamariki Ora My Health Book\u003c\/strong\u003e (previously called Plunket Book)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePhone and talk to their doctor, nurse, pharmacist or healthcare provider.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResponses to immunisations\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMinor immunisation responses are common, such as soreness, mild fever, or fatigue. These responses typically last only a day or two and show that the body is building immunity. Severe responses are very rare, and medical teams are trained to handle them if they occur.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eCommon responses and their likelihood\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMild responses are normal and show that the immune system is responding to the immunisation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIf you are going to have any responses, they normally happen in the first few days after getting immunised.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe immunisation itself is gone from your body within a few hours or days as it gets processed by the immune system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eResponses to immunisations\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eCommon responses - very likely\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePain or redness at the injection site\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis is the most common response, affecting about one in two people. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMild fever \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSome people may experience a fever as the immune system responds, usually affecting about one in four people. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFatigue and muscle aches \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMany people feel slightly tired or achy, occurring in about one in three people. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHeadache \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMild headaches can happen in about one in five people. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eLess common responses - less likely\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSwelling at the injection site \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSome may notice swelling or a small, firm bump where the immunisation was given, affecting about one in six people.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNausea or upset stomach \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA few people, roughly one in ten, may feel a bit queasy after immunisation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMild rash \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA mild rash is possible after some immunisations like MMR or chickenpox, affecting about one in 20 people. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eRare responses - unlikely\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSerious responses are very rare \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMedical teams are trained to assist if they happen, and the benefits of immunisation far outweigh these rare risks.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSevere allergic response (anaphylaxis) \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis occurs in about one in a million cases. It can happen within minutes of receiving the immunisation, which is why a short monitoring period is recommended. This response is treatable with immediate medical care.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eResponses by specific childhood immunisation\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eHepatitis B vaccine\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInjection site\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePain, redness, or swelling\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGeneral\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMild fever, irritability, or fatigue\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLikelihood\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCommon (up to one in ten)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eRotavirus vaccine\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOral vaccine responses\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMild diarrhoea, irritability, or temporary fussiness\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSerious (rare)\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntussusception (a type of bowel blockage) is extremely rare but is a known risk\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLikelihood\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMild side effects in one in ten children; serious side effects in about one in 20,000 children\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eDiphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, hepatitis B \u003cbr\u003eand \u003cbr\u003eHaemophilus influenzae type b vaccine\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInjection site\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSoreness, redness, or swelling\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGeneral\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMild fever, irritability, tiredness, or loss of appetite \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLikelihood\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCommon (one in four); fever higher than 39°C is less common\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003ePneumococcal vaccine\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInjection site\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSwelling, redness, or tenderness at the site \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGeneral\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMild fever, irritability, or decreased appetite \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLikelihood\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCommon (up to one in ten)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eMeasles mumps and rubella vaccine\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInjection site\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePain, redness, or swelling \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGeneral\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFever, mild rash (seven to 12 days after immunisation, swollen glands) \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRare\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFebrile seizure (one in 3,000), temporary joint pain, or temporary drop in platelet count \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLikelihood\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMild responses are common (one in six); serious effects are very rare\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eVaricella (Chickenpox) vaccine\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInjection site\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRedness or swelling\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGeneral\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMild rash (up to one in ten), mild fever\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRare\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHigh fever or febrile seizure (less than one in 1,000)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLikelihood\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMild responses are common; severe responses are very rare\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eHuman Papillomavirus vaccine (HPV)\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInjection site\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSoreness, redness, or swelling\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGeneral\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHeadache, mild fever, fatigue, or fainting (especially in teens)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLikelihood\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCommon to have a response at injection site; fainting is less common – eating before is a good idea to prevent this\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eMeningococcal vaccine (MenB, MenACWY)\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInjection site\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePain, redness, or swelling\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGeneral\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMild fever, irritability, drowsiness, or temporary loss of appetite\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLikelihood\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCommon (up to one in ten); serious responses are rare\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFor more information\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/immunise.health.nz\/\"\u003eHealth New Zealand | Te Whatu Ora\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCall Healthline \u003ca rel=\"noopener\" title=\"0800 611 116\" href=\"Tel:0800611116\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e0800 611 116\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"HealthEd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48786664358116,"sku":"NIP9053-R","price":0.0,"currency_code":"NZD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/6916\/3582\/files\/NIP9053-R.png?v=1776743535","url":"https:\/\/healthed.govt.nz\/products\/immunisation-knowledge-toolkit-he-kete-matauranga-mo-nga-rongoa-araimate-nip9053-r","provider":"HealthEd","version":"1.0","type":"link"}