Keeping Well with Diabetes - Tongan version - HE1158

Reviewed
June 2014
This resource relates to the following topics:

Guidelines in Tongan for managing late-onset diabetes. Includes information about getting checked, hypoglycemia (hypo), hyperglycemia, blood sugar, diabetes testing and insulin.

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Reviewed
June 2014
Updated
December 2000
Format
Booklet A5
Type
PDF download
HE code
HE1158
Language
Tongan

The full resource:

Ko e moʻui lelei ʻi he feʻao mo e suka´

Ko e ki‘i tohi´ ni ‘oku ma‘a e kakai lalahi ‘oku ma‘u ‘e he suka´

 ‘Oku tokoni ke u mo‘ui lelei ‘a e tauhi lelei ‘a hoku suka´.

Ko e hā ‘a e Puke ‘i he suka?

Ko e taimi ia ‘oku fu‘u lahi ai ‘a e suka´ ‘i ho toto.

‘Oku malava pē ke ‘ikai hā ha faka‘ilonga ‘o e suka ‘i he kakai lalahi ‘e ni‘ihi ‘oku ma‘u ‘e he suka´.

Ko e toenga leva te´ nau:

  • fa‘a ongo‘i fieinua
  • fa‘a tu‘uofi pea mo lahi ange
  • fie mohea ma‘u pē
  • kovi pe palai e sio´
  • kovi e tu‘uofi´ pea pehee´ ki honau kili´
  • mo‘uingata‘a ‘a e lavea pe mata‘ipala.

‘Oku totonu ke´ ‘alu ‘akinautolu ‘oku nau mahalo‘i ‘oku nau suka´, ki he‘enau toketā pe neesi´.

Ka ‘ikai tokanga‘i mo faito‘o ‘a e suka´, ‘e kau kovi ia ki he mafu´, mata´, va‘e´, kofuua´ mo e ngaahi kupu kehe ‘o e sino´.

Ko hai ‘e faingata‘a‘ia?

Ko kinautolu:

  • ‘oku fu‘u sino´
  • ‘oku ‘ikai fa‘a fakamālohisino´
  • ‘oku ‘iai ha taha na‘e suka he fāmili´
  • ‘oku lahi hake he ta‘u 40
  • ‘a e kakai Mauli´ pe Pasifiki´.

‘Oku kau atu kiai mo e kakai fefine:

  • ne suka lolotonga ‘enau feitama´
  • ne fā‘ele‘i ha fu‘u pēpē pauni mamafa mo lahi.

Ko hono mapule‘i lelei ‘o e suka´

‘Oku ‘ikai ha faito‘o ia ke´ ne to‘o ‘aupito e suka´. Ka ‘oku ‘iai pē ha ‘ūni me‘a ‘e ni‘ihi ‘oku´ ke ala fai ke´ ke mo‘ui lelei ai.

‘E lava ‘e ho‘o toketā pe neesi ki he suka´ ‘o ako‘i koe ki he founga ‘o hono tauhi ‘a e suka ‘i ho toto´ ke tu‘u ‘i ha tu‘unga fakafiemālie mo´ ke mo‘ui lelei foki.

‘Oku ‘uhinga ‘a e pule‘i lelei ho suka´ ke:

  • ma‘u e me‘atokoni fakatupu mo‘ui lelei mo´ ke fakamālohisino ma‘u pē, pe
  • ma‘u e me‘atokoni fakatupu mo‘ui lelei mo´ ke fakamālohisino ma‘u pē, mo folo fo‘i‘akau, pe
  • ma‘u me‘atokoni fakatupu mo‘ui lelei mo´ ke fakamālohisino ma‘u pē, mo huhu e faito‘o ‘inisulini (insulin). (‘Oku tokoni ‘a e ‘inisulini´ ki hano to‘o ‘o e suka´ mei he toto´), pe
  • ma‘u me‘atokoni fakatupu mo‘ui lelei mo´ ke fakamālohisino ma‘u pē, pea huhu mo folo fo‘i‘akau.

Me‘atokoni fakatupu mo‘ui lelei

‘Oku mātu‘aki tokoni ki hono mapule‘i lelei ho suka´ ‘a e ma‘u ‘o e me‘atokoni totonu´.

‘Oku ‘ikai fiema‘u ia ke ‘ai ha me‘akai makehe – he ko e me‘akai ‘e sai kiate koe´ ‘e sai pē moia ki he fāmili´.

‘Oku lelei ke´ ke kai he taimi tu‘upau he ‘aho kotoa pē. ‘Oku fakatu‘utāmaki ‘a e me‘amelie´ mo e me‘akaingako´, he ko ‘ena fu‘u lahi´ ‘oku kovi ia ki ho‘o mo‘ui´.

‘E tokoni atu ‘a ho‘o toketā, pe neesi, pe mataotao he me‘atokoni´ (dietitian), ke fa‘u ha‘o palani ma‘ume‘atokoni. Te nau fakahinohino koe pe ko e hā ‘a e LAHI ‘o e fa‘ahinga me‘atokoni ke´ ke ma‘u´, pea TU‘O FIHA foki.

Te´ nau toe fale‘i koe felāve‘i mo e inu pia´ mo e ‘olokaholo´.

Ma‘u mo ifo‘ia he ‘ū me‘akai´ ni

Diagram of a plate, showing the ideal proportions of the food groups: 1/2 plate vegetables, 1/4 plate meat and 1/4 plate bread, potatoes, rice or pasta.

Kai lahi fa‘iteliha ‘a e ‘ū me‘akai ko ‘eni´:

  • vesitapolo hangē ko e polōkoli (broccoli), piini, kāpisi, piisi, lau‘i lū, lau‘i puha, lētisi
  • sālati vesitapolo hangē ko e temata, kiukamipā, ‘onioni-Tonga, fakamalu‘atēvolo
  • foha‘i vesitapolo hangē ko e kāloti, ulātisi (radish), pitiluti (beetroot)
  • hina, sūkini (zucchini), polo, ‘esipalakasi (asparagus), mēlou, kamo kamo.

Kai pē he ni‘ihi ‘o e ‘ū me‘akai ni he houa ma‘ume‘atokoni kotoa pē, hangē ko e:

  • mā, laise, siliolo, nūtolo (noodles), polisi, sekoni (scone), māfini (muffin), kumala, pateta, koane, siane moho, mei, talo, manioke, ‘ufi
  • fo‘i‘akau mata pe ko ha kapa fo‘i‘akau ‘oku ‘ikai fakamelie pe fakasuka.

Kai tu‘otaha pē pe ua ‘i he ‘aho ‘a e fa‘ahinga me‘akai polōtīni hangē ko e:

  • kakano‘i manu kuo to‘o ‘a e ngako´, pe kakano‘i moa kuo to‘o hono kili´, ika, fo‘imoa, sālati piini, lenitila (lentil), piini ta‘o.

Kai tu‘otaha pē pe ua ‘i he ‘aho ‘a e fa‘ahinga me‘akai hu‘akau ‘ikai fu‘u ngako ‘o hangē ko e:

  • hu‘akau tulimi (Trim milk) pe hu‘akau soia, pe hu‘akau kuo hu‘i kiai ‘a e kalasiume (calcium)
  • ‘iokēti ‘ikai fakamelie (unsweetened yoghurt) • siisi ‘oku si‘i ai ‘a e ngako´.

Faka‘ehi‘ehi mei he kai me‘angako´ mo e kai me‘amelie´

  • kai fakafe‘unga pē mo si‘isi‘i ‘a e masilini´, ‘āvoka, pīnati pata, me‘akai kuo kuki ‘aki ha lolo-ngaohi kai, nati ta‘o pe fakamōmoa.

Faka‘ehi‘ehi mei he kai me‘amelie´, hangē:

  • ko ha fa‘ahinga suka pē – suka kula pe suka hina, siamu, hani, lole, sokoleti, miusilīpā (muesli bar), kapafo‘i‘akau melie, ‘aisikilimi, keke, puteni, pisikete, inu melie mo e inusiusi (juice).

Faka‘ehi‘ehi mei he me‘akai ngako hangē ko e:

  • me‘akai fakapaku he ngako pe lolo hangē ko e fo‘imoa, pēkani, ika mo e pateta fakapaku, mo ha me‘akai fakapaku pē pe takeaway ne fakapaku lolo
  • me‘angako kehe hangē ko e pata, kakano‘i manu ‘oku ngako, pēkani, sōsisi, saveloi, niulolo‘i, kuloisoni (croissant), kelevi, meioneisi, ngako, lāti, kelemeta (kremelta).

‘Ahi‘ahi haka-mao, pe haka-vai pe ta‘o maikolōueivi ho‘o me‘akai´.

Kapau ko ha sitiu kakano‘i-manu, pea tali ke mokomoko ‘o to‘o ‘a e ngako´ pea toki ‘ai pe vahe ke kai.

Fa‘a fakamālohisino

‘Oku tokoni ‘a e fa‘a fakamālohisino´ ki hono tukuhifo ‘o e sukā´ ‘i he toto´. Te´ ke toe ongo‘i lelei ange ai mo mohe lelei foki.

Talanoa ki ho‘o toketā KIMU‘A pea´ ke toki kamata fakamālohisino.

Ko e fakamālohisino lelei ‘a e lue lalo´. ‘Oku kau atu ki ai ‘a e kakau, ‘akapasikala mo e tōtō fakamālohisino.

Kamata ‘aki ho‘o fakamālohisino ‘i ha ngaahi miniti si‘i pē ‘i ha ‘aho pea fakalakalaka ai pē ki he miniti 30 tu‘o fā ‘i he uike.

Kapau ‘oku tauhi ‘aki koe ‘a e ‘inisulini´, pea manatu‘i ke ‘ave ho‘o kulūkousi´ ki ho‘o fakamālohisino´ na‘a fu‘u tōlalo ho suka´.

Kapau ‘oku´ ke folo fo‘i‘akau, pea´ ke ‘eke ki ho‘o toketā pe ‘oku sai ke´ ke folo kulūkousi ‘i ho‘o fakamālohisino.

Feinga ke´ ke longomo‘ui mo femo‘uekina ma‘u pē ‘aki ha‘o teka-pulu, kilikiti, tau‘olunga, luelalo, mo e ngaahi ngāue-faka‘api hangē ko e kosi mo e fakama‘a ‘api, ngaohi ngoue mo e hā fua.

Sivi ma‘u pē ho va‘e´, feinga ke tu‘o taha he uike pe lahi ange

‘E lava ‘e he suka ‘o kamata ha palopalema ki ho va‘e´.

Sivi ho va‘e´, lalo va‘e´ pea mo e vaha‘a ‘o e louhi‘i va‘e´. Fakahā ki ho toketā, neesi pe koe toketā va‘e´ (podiatrist) ‘okapau ‘oku´ ke fakatokanga‘i ha me‘a ‘oku ‘ikai ke´ ke maheni mo ia:

  • kula, liliu lanu ‘o hangē ‘oku lanu moli
  • mafa‘afa‘a e kili
  • pupula
  • fā e kili.

Tokanga‘i ho va‘e´

Tutu‘u pea faile ma‘u pē e nge‘esi va‘e´, fakamama‘o mei he ‘alu holo ta‘e su, tui ha sū pea mo ha sitōkeni ‘oku ongo i fiemalie pea ‘ikai ke fu‘u ma‘u, milimili ma‘u pē ‘a ho kauva‘e pea mo e la‘i va‘e pea fakamama‘o ho va‘e´ mei he vai vela´.

Koane pe patu (tunga‘i va‘e´), mui‘i va‘e mafahifahi, nge‘esi va‘e matolu, va‘e sipoti etc ‘oku tonu ke tokanga‘i ia ‘e he toketā va‘e´.

Kole ki ho‘o toketā pe neesi ke sivi ma‘u pē ho va‘e´.

Sino mo‘ui lelei´

‘Oku totonu ke tokanga‘i ‘e he kakai ‘oku nau puke he suka´ ‘a e mamafa honau sino´, pea ‘e tokoni ia ki hono tauhi honau suka´. ‘E tokoni atu ‘a ho‘o toketā, neesi´ pe toketā va‘e´ ki he mamafa ‘oku sai kiate koe´.

Fakamalohisino ma‘u pē pea mo kai e me‘atokoni ‘oku mo‘ui lelei ke tokoni atu ki ho sino mo‘ui lelei.

Ko e lahi ‘o e suka ‘i ho toto

‘Oku mahu‘inga ki ho‘o mo‘ui lelei´ ‘a e tauhi ke palanisi ‘a e tu‘unga ‘o e suka ‘i ho toto.

‘E hanga ‘e ho‘o toketā pe neesi ‘o ako‘i atu hono sivi ‘a e tu‘unga ‘o e suka´ ‘i ho toto´. Ko e tu‘unga lelei ‘o e suka ‘i he toto´ ‘oka tu‘u ‘i he vaha‘a ‘o e 4-8mmol/L.

Puke – tōlalo e suka ‘i ho toto (hypo)

‘Oku lava pē ke tō ‘a e suka ‘i he toto´ ki ha tu‘unga ‘oku ma‘ulalo ‘aupito (hangē ko ia, ‘i lalo he 4) ‘i he fa‘ahinga ‘oku nau folo fo‘i‘akau pe huhu ‘inisulini. Te´ ne lava ‘o fakatupu e puke ‘a ia ‘e lava ai ke´ ke pongia ‘okapau ‘e ‘ikai ke tokanga‘i.

‘Oku ‘iai e fa‘ahinga ‘oku ‘asi ha ngaahi faka‘ilonga ‘o e puke´ ni pea ‘iai e fa‘ahinga ‘oku ‘ikai.

Faka‘ilonga fakatokanga ‘o e tōlalo ho suka´ (hypo):

  • ongo‘i ninimo
  • ongo‘i vaivaia pe sīfā
  • nenefu e sio
  • tea pea tauta‘a e kili´
  • ngangau e ‘ulu´
  • fiekaia
  • lotomo‘ua pe fakatupu‘ita
  • mamatea e la‘ingutu´ mo e ‘elelo´
  • tuki e mafu´.

Ko e me‘a ke fai ‘oka si‘i-e-suka´ (Hypo).

Inu pe folo a e kulūkousi (glucose) he vave taha´. Fai leva a e taha o e ngaahi meā ni:

  • tā ha efuefu kulūkousi sēpuni lahi (tablespoon) ‘e taha ‘o inu
  • pe folo ha fo‘i‘akau kulūkousi ‘e 3 pe 4 (Vita, Dextro)
  • pe folo ha fo‘i‘akau iiki kulūkousi (Glucodin) ‘e 8 ki he 10

PE

‘Ai ha sēpuni tī ‘e ua ‘o e siamu, pe hani pe suka ‘o tā ‘iha ipu vai ‘o inu ia

PE

Inu ha vaeua‘i ipu inu-melie hangē ko e inu-lēmani pe inu-fua‘i‘akau melie

PE

Kai ha fo‘i lole (jellybean) ‘e 6 ki he 8

Tali ‘i ha miniti ‘e 5 – 10. Kapau ‘oku´ ke kei puke pē pea´ ke toe fai pē e me‘atatau moia kuo´ ke ‘osi fai´.

‘Osi ha miniti 10 – 15 pea´ ke kai leva ‘okapau ko ho taimi kai totonu´ pē ia pea´ ka ‘ikai pea ‘ai pē ha‘o ki‘i kai ma‘ama‘a.

Puke – lahi e suka ‘i he toto´ (hyper)

Taimi ‘e ni‘i hi ‘oku lahi ai e suka ‘i he toto´ ‘o ‘ova ‘i he tu‘unga totonu (‘olunga he 8).

‘E lava ‘eni ‘o hoko koe‘uhi´ ko e:

  • kai e me‘akai suka
  • ngalo ke folo ho‘o fo‘i‘akau
  • ‘ikai ke fai ‘a ho‘o huhu ‘inisulini
  • puke, ‘i ai ha ki‘i siemu pe mofi.

Faka‘ilonga fakatokanga ha‘o puke (hyper) te ke:

  • fieinua
  • lahi ‘ete ‘alu ofi
  • ongo‘i hela‘ia
  • fa‘a puke ngofua pe sai-ngata‘a.

Pe ‘e ‘ikai ke´ ke ma‘u ha faka‘ilonga fakatokanga ‘e taha.

Pule‘i e lahi e suka ‘i ho toto´

‘E sai pē ke lahi ‘a ho‘o suka´ ‘i ha lau houa pē, ka ‘okapau ‘oku ‘ikai ke´ ke mapule‘i pea ‘e fakatu‘utāmaki leva.

Sio ki ho‘o toketā pe neesi fekau‘aki mo e fa‘a lahi e suka ‘i ho toto ‘i ha vaha‘a taimi lōloa. Te nau tokoni atu ‘o talaatu pe ko e hā ‘a e me‘a ‘oku fa‘a lahi ai ‘a e tu‘unga ‘o e suka´ ‘i ho toto´.

Te nau lava foki ‘o tokoni atu ke´ ke mapule‘i ho suka´ ‘i ha‘o puke´.

Sivi mo‘ui lelei ma‘u pē

‘Oku totonu ke ‘alu ma‘u pē ki he toketā ‘a e kau suka´ ke sivi kinautolu.

Ko e kau suka´ ‘oku ngofua ke fai honau sivi mo‘ui lelei ta‘etotongi tu‘otaha ‘i he ta‘u.*

‘Ai ha‘o ‘apoinimeni mo ho‘o toketā pe neesi´ – ke fai ho sivi ta‘etotongi´.

‘E sivi:

  • ho mamafa´ pe lahi ho sino´
  • ho toto´
  • ho‘o palani tauhi mo‘ui lelei´
  • pe vakai‘i ho sivi toto mo tu‘uofi fakamuimui taha´ pe ‘oku kei ‘aonga ke sivi.
  • ho va‘e´
  • mo‘ui lelei´ fakalukufua
  • pe vakai‘i ho sivi mata fakamuimui taha´ pe ‘oku kei ‘aonga ke sivi.

Ko e taimi pē ‘oku´ ke hoha‘a pe veiveiua ai pe ‘ikai te´ ke ongo‘i mo‘ui lelei pea´ ke ‘alu leva ‘i he vave taha´ ke sivi koe ‘e he neesi´ pe toketaa´.

Kautaha fokotu‘utu‘u ki he suka´

Diabetes New Zealand (Suka ‘i Nu‘u Sila´)
P O Box 12-441, Wellington 6144, New Zealand.
Freephone: 0800 DIABETES (0800 342 238)
E-mail: admin@diabetes.org.nz
Website: www.diabetes.org.nz

Diabetes Youth New Zealand (Suka ‘i Nu‘u Sila ki he talavou)
E-mail: contact@diabetesyouth.org.nz
Website: www.diabetesyouth.org.nz

Te Rōpū Mate Huka ō Aotearoa
Email: matehuka@sigroup.co.nz
Website: www.maoridiabetes.co.nz

Ko e tohi´ ni ‘oku ma‘u ia ‘i he lea faka Pilitānia, Ma uli, Ha‘amoa pea mo e ‘Otu Motu Kuki, ka ‘oku liliu ki he lea Faka Tonga´, Tokelau, Niuē pea mo e Fisi ‘a ia ‘oku ‘atu ia ‘i he website ‘a e MOH www.health.govt.nz or www.healthed.govt.nz

Ko e Timi Tokanga‘i ‘o e Mo‘ui Lelei ‘a e kau Suka´

Kau ngāue Hingoa Telefoni
Toketā (Doctor)    
Neesi Suka (Diabetes Nurse)    
Mataotao he me‘atokoni (Dietitian)    
Mataotao Suka (Diabetes Specialist)    
Toketā Va‘e (Podiatrist)    
Toketā Mata (Ophthalmologist)    
Talavai (Pharmacist)    
Ho‘o ngaahi fakamatala (Notes)    

Ko e ngaahi fakakaukau ke ke mo‘ui lelei ai!

Ko ha‘o muimui ki he fakahinohino mei ho‘o timi tokanga‘i koe ke´ ke mo‘ui lelei´ mo fai ki he fanga ki‘i fale‘i ‘oku hā atu ‘i lalo´ ‘e tokoni ia ke´ ke mo‘ui lelei ai:

  • Ma‘u e me‘a tokoni ‘e tokoni ki he mo‘ui lelei
  • Ma‘u me‘a tokoni ‘i he houakai totonu ma‘u pē
  • Fa‘a fakamālohisino
  • Sivi ma‘u pē ho va‘e´
  • Sivi mo‘ui lelei ma‘u pē
  • Tauhi ho sino´ mo ho mamafa ke tu‘u ma‘u
  • ‘Oua ‘e ifi tapaka.

* Fakapapau‘i mo ho‘o toketā, he ‘oku ‘ikai ta‘etotongi ‘a e kau toketā kotoa pē.